troops found themselves uncomfortably situated in the city where Southern “fire-eaters” had long defended slavery and promoted states’ rights. When southern states began seceding throughout January as a result of Lincoln’s election, tensions mounted, and the U.S. In the spring of 1861, before hostilities had begun, construction crews were occupying Fort Sumter, building the new coastal defense fortification that was to replace other forts at Charleston. But many Northerners were outraged by the fall of the fort, and when President Abraham Lincoln issued a call for volunteers to put down the rebellion, men in the states loyal to the Union flocked to enlist in the U.S. Most Southerners celebrated the event as a great victory for the Confederate States of America. Unable to hold out, the Union military garrison surrendered thus, the Civil War began. On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina, opened fire on Fort Sumter. Use this Narrative after the Chapter 8 Introductory Essay: 1860-1877 to give students a deeper understanding of the first battle of the Civil War.
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